Half of all spills occur due to pipeline and tanker accidents 50%, other causes include sabotage 28% and oil production operations 21%, with 1% of the spills being accounted for by inadequate or nonfunctional production equipment. But the number of oil spills from its operations requires urgent action by both the nigerian and italian governments. Generalized responses of mangrove forests to oil spills 28 table 3. Oil spillage and heavy metals toxicity risk in the niger. Effects of oil spills on fish production in the niger delta plos. Nigerias role as a regional power, africas leading oil exporter, and a major contributor of troops to united nations peacekeeping missions, has led foreign governments to be.
When oil spill occurs, the oil being less dencse than water floats. It has been estimated that between 9 million to million barrels have been spilt since oil drilling started in the country in 1958. Dec 22, 2011 the oil company says up to 40,000 barrels of crude oil was spilled 75 miles off the coast of the niger delta john vidal, environment editor thu 22 dec 2011 08. But it also presents a paradox, because these vast revenues have barely touched the niger deltas own pervasive local poverty. Yearly distribution of oil spills in nigeria 19761983. Shell oil spills that havent been cleaned up for over eight years have contributed to astonishingly high levels of pollution in a nigerian community, according to a consultant who helped. A new report from amnesty international says spills in the niger delta are the. Anger in nigerias south over oil spill cleanup delay. The report, while acknowledging improvements to shells jiv process since 2011, identified serious flaws that. Effective oil spill response techniques and prevention. This is a reversechronological list of oil spills that have occurred throughout the world and spills that are currently ongoing. In order to ensure that the individuals involved in the remediation of oil spills are not put at risk of covid19 infection, spdc, after due consultation with relevant government regulators is currently restricting its oil spill response activities to only those sites where containment and recovery of oil from new. Apart from promoting coordination of key stakeholders, nsrp also contributed to capacity building of actors involved in oil spills response and management.
Oil spills occur almost weekly in nigeria since drilling began over 50 years ago, millions of barrels of oil have spilled into the niger delta. Aug 25, 2010 the national oil spill detection and response agency of nigeria has reported a total of 3,203 oil spills in the niger delta region in the last four years alone. In nigeria, reports have it that from 1976 to 1998, a sum of about 5,724 incidences of oil spills which introduced crude oil to both the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems to the tune of 2,571,1. The nigerian government plans to expand its proven reserves to 40 billion barrels by 2010.
The paper opined that majority of oil spills in nigeria are not usually addressed in the light of obtainable best practices, inspite of the negative. Recovery completed on 06 may 2019, assessment completed on 11 nov 2019, cleanup and remediation planned to be completed on december 2020 stated timeline for cleanup is as agreed between napims, dpr,nosdra,bodo and community representatives. An interpretation of published studies best ordinioha 1, seiyefa brisibe 2 1 department of preventive and social medicine, faculty of clinical sciences, college of health sciences, university of port harcourt, port harcourt, rivers state, nigeria 2 department of family medicine, niger delta university teaching. Spdcjv has publicly reported oil spill statistics annually since 1995 in the shell sustainability report, and this website further enhances transparency on spills from spdcjv facilities in nigeria. The oil spills affected at least 1500 communities in the eight crude oilproducing states in nigeria, and were mainly from the 5284 oil wells that were drilled as at 2006 and the 7000 km of crude oil pipeline that crisscrosses the niger delta region. More than 40,000 nigerians demand action from shell to clean up oil spills that have devastated communities for decades. Looking back after nearly 40 years the most striking development is the emergence of independent nigerian companies across all levels of the industry. Oil spill problems and management in the niger delta cdn. Its economic benefits are countless, but all in all, oil spill in nigeria is a common occurrence. Longterm effects of oil spills in bodo, nigeria al. Thousands of oil spills have occurred, disrupting not only the environment, but fishing, farming, and other industries 3.
Previous reports indicate that about 50% of oil spills in the niger delta result from pipeline corrosion and tanker accidents. Longterm effects of oil spills in bodo, nigeria al jazeera. Today, there are formidable challenges to sustainable human development in the region. The majority of nigerias oil production takes place in the niger delta. There are several additional regulations, such as egaspin 16, issued by the dpr. It tracks the progress of our spill management from when we detect the spill to when cleanup and remediation are completed and certified by. Corrosion of pipelines and tankers is the rupturing or leaking of.
Their many years of interaction with the local communities have impacted on the latter in various ways including the depletion of their flora and fauna, and the general environmental degradation with gas flaring and oil spills. Bodo village, nigeria in 2008 and 2009, a 55yearold pipeline owned by shell ruptured twice, throwing up 600,000 barrels, according to uk court claims, of crude oil into the surrounding creeks. Shell documents, including reports produced by cleanup. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the. The region produces immense oil wealth and has become the engine of nigerias economy. It found the contamination to be widespread and severe, and stated that people in the niger delta have. Since then, nigeria has become africas largest oil producer, with an estimated 37. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Shell sued in uk for decades of oil spills in nigeria.
Amnesty international, court documents expose shells false claims on nigeria oil spills. The oil company says up to 40,000 barrels of crude oil was spilled 75 miles off the coast of the niger delta john vidal, environment editor thu 22. Large accidents involving oil spills to the environment have sparked research. Letter from mutiu sunmonu when i joined shell in the late 1970s, i entered a nigerian oil and gas industry that was heavily dominated by the international oil companies iocs. On land, oil spills are usually localized and thus their impact can be eliminated relatively easily. Shell oil spills led to astonishingly high pollution in. Spdcs oil spill response strategy during the current covid19 crisis.
A manual and internet search was conducted to extract quantitative data on the quantity of crude oil spilled. Impacts and recovery times for mangrove trees at eight oil spills impacting five regions 43 cover photograph credit. Hundreds of oil spills reported in nigeria every year are ruining the environment and putting human lives at risk. This is approved for students in accountancy business computer science economics engineering arts. Detection and classification of land crude oil spills using. Pdf the coastal area of the niger delta is the home to oil explorations and exploitations in nigeria.
Nov 11, 20 hundreds of oil spills reported in nigeria every year are ruining the environment and putting human lives at risk. The government estimates that about 7,000 spills occurred between 1970 and 2000. The oil industry is subject to a number of specific federal laws in nigeria, including the oil pipelines act, the petroleum drilling and production regulations 14, and the petroleum act 15. Royal dutch shell in the niger delta business and human rights. Jun 22, 2017 the anglodutch energy giant also agreed to start a clean up of two devastating oil spills in 2008, following a threeyear british legal battle that was settled out of court. In contrast, marine oil spills may result in oil pollution over large areas and present serious. In nigeria oil exploration and production which provided the platform for spills has been ongoing since the first commercial oil discovery in the tertiary delta was confirmed at oloibiri field in january 1956 by shell darcy later shellbritish petroleum and a second oil field later discovered at afam. This discovery opened up the oil industry in 1961 in nigeria, bringing more oil firms like the agip, mobil, safrap now elf, texaco and cheveron to petroleum prospecting both in on shoreoffshore areas of nigeria nigeria national petroleum corporation, nnpc. Introduction the niger delta is located in the atlantic coast of southern nigeria and is the worlds second largest. For example, nsrps cso partners trained communities affected by oil spills on how to participate in joint investigation.
Pdf oil spillage in nigerias upstream petroleum sector. Jul 19, 2010 oil spills occur almost weekly in nigeria since drilling began over 50 years ago, millions of barrels of oil have spilled into the niger delta. It is the first independent study of the impacts of oil pollution in the niger delta. Quantities are measured in tonnes of crude oil with one tonne roughly equal to 308 us gallons, 256 imperial gallons, 7. Shell oil spills led to astonishingly high pollution in nigeria. Italian oil giant eni, which owns the nigerian agip oil company is a smaller player in the niger delta than shell and has received less attention. Nigeria began producing oil in 1958, after the discovery of crude oil by shell british petroleum now royal dutch shell. Nigeria on alert as shell announces worst oil spill in a. The oil industry in the niger delta started commercial production in 1958 following the discovery of crude oil at oloibiri by.
The collapse of oil hit nigeria hard nigerias federal government is highly. Pdf oil spill problems and management in the niger delta. The oil spills affected at least 1500 communities in the eight crude oil producing states in nigeria, and were mainly from the 5284 oil wells that were drilled as at 2006 and the 7000 km of crude oil pipeline that crisscrosses the niger delta region. According to carla 2000 oil spills are the uncontrolled discharge of oil or its by products including chemicals and wastes, into the environment. Hydrocarbon oil spill cleanup and remediation in the niger.
In february 2005, nigeria announced the award of five oil blocks in the joint development zone jdz, shared by nigeria and neighboring sao tome and principe stp. Causing the peoples of oil and gasrich niger delta region of nigeria. Nigerias national oil spill detection and response. President buharis zero oil plan emphasizes need to remove dependence on oil through economic diversification nigerias federal budget is bigger than it has ever been due. Nigeria, conducted a research project on the impact of oil. Nigeria launches cleanup in devastated oil spill region. Recommendations for response options in oiled mangroves by oil group 36 table 4. The national oil spill detection and response agency of nigeria has reported a total of 3,203 oil spills in the niger delta region in the last four years alone. Oil spill trajectory simulations offshore nigeria badejo o. Get free research paper on the effects of oil spillage in the niger delta a case study of ughelli south local government area of delta state project topics and materials in nigeria. The anglodutch energy giant also agreed to start a clean up of two devastating oil spills in 2008, following a threeyear british legal battle that was settled out of court. The report reveals the human and environmental effects of decades of oil spills in the area. Overview the nigerian governments 4 june 2008 decision to replace the shell petroleum development company spdc as operator of oil concessions in ogoni areas offers an opportunity for ending one of the longestrunning conflicts between a multinational oil company and a local community in the niger delta. Nov 03, 2015 shell was on tuesday accused of making false claims about the extent of its oil spill cleanup operations in nigeria and urged to take more action to help worsthit communities.
Inadequate monitoring and enforcement in the nigerian oil industry. The nigerian oil crisis brandon foreman lit 290s final project. The niger delta, located in the southernmost part of nigeria, is the largest. The niger delta region of nigeria is considered to be one. Shell was on tuesday accused of making false claims about the extent of its oil spill cleanup operations in nigeria and urged to take more action to help worsthit communities. The human health implications of crude oil spills in the niger delta, nigeria. The niger delta region is the oil producing area of nigeria, which consists of highly diverse ecosystems that are supportive of numerous. The human health implications of crude oil spills in the. These cases also marked the first time that a dutch multinational had been sued in a dutch court over the operations of its overseas subsidiaries.
Inadequate monitoring and enforcement in the nigerian oil. Pdf oil spill incidents and pipeline vandalization in. On top of the 349 spills in 2014, eni reported more than 500 oil spills in 20. Oil and gas journal 2005 estimates nigeria s proven oil reserved at 35.
Hydrocarbon oil spill cleanup and remediation in the niger delta. The importance, how to, effect causes relationship, comparison, history, role, solutions are discussed. Oil spill problems and management in the niger delta. A number of federal and state agencies deal with the problems of oil spill in nigeria.