Perils of recovering the mexican wolf outside of its. Integrating wild and captive populations in a metapopulation risk assessment model for recovery planning miller 2017, and mexican. Technical document supporting the forest service strategic plan 2000 revision. Considered extinct in the wild at the time of listing, reintroduction. The current reintroduction project is conducted in accordance with the nonessential experimental final special rule usfws 1998 governing mexican wolf reintroduction into the blue range wolf recovery area brwra, fig. The mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi is an endangered species but remains poorly studied.
The north american wolf canis lupus pambasileus is a subspecies of gray wolf that is referred to as the interior alaskan wolf in the united states and the yukon wolf in canada where it ranges in adjacent parts of british columbia and northwest territories. The mexican wolf subspecies, canis lupus baileyi, was originally described by nelson and goldman in 1929 as canis nubilus baileyi, with a distribution of southern and western arizona, southern new mexico, and the sierra madre and adjoining tableland of mexico as far south, at least, as southern durango nelson and goldman. One group is represented by the extinct beringian wolf 11 and the other by the modern populations. Canis lupus baileyi nelson and goldman, 1929 mirror. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Genetic management and setting recovery goals for mexican. It appears that the subspecies also ranged into southern utah and southern colorado. Canis lupus baileyi by maintaining a captive breeding program and reestablishing a viable, selfsustaining population of at least 100 mexican wolves in the middle to high elevations of a 5000squaremile area within the mexican wolfs historic range. After being wiped out in the united states, mexican wolves were bred in captivity and reintroduced to the wild in arizona beginning in 1998. There are 38 subspecies of canis lupus listed in the taxonomic authority mammal species of the world 2005, 3rd edition.
Itis reports itis the integrated taxonomic information system is a source for authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of north america and the world. Canis lupus baileyi nelson and goldman, 1929 itis link. The mexican gray wolf canis lupus baileyi was extirpated from arizona and new mexico in the 1970s. Fish and wildlife service files, consistent with historical. Fossil rim wildlife center iucnssccbsg 22 24 october 1990 fossil rim wildlife center, texas. Only two species of wolves remain today the gray wolf canis lupus also called the timber wolf and the red wolf canis rufus. Documentswildlifespeciesspeciesofconcernwolfrecomendations. Males are typically heavier and taller than the females. Canis lupus across the contiguous united states except the mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi in arizona and new mexico. Mexican gray wolf was once found from central mexico to new mexico, southern arizona and texas. Canis lupus baileyi, has also been reintroduced into arizona and new mexico. Fish and wildlife services national digital library is. Lobo mexicano, informacion y caracteristicas bioenciclopedia.
In 1998 the mexican gray wolf canis lupus baileyi was reintroduced to the blue range wolf recovery area brwra, located in eastcentral arizona and westcentral new mexico, as a result of efforts to reestablish a wild population of mexican gray wolves in the species former home range. Pdf predicting spatial factors associated with cattle depredations. The mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi, also known as the lobo, is a subspecies of gray wolf once native to southeastern arizona, southern new mexico, western texas and northern mexico. Meaney and beauvais canis lupus september 2004 page 3 of 42 introduction the reintroduction of gray wolves canis lupus to the greater yellowstone area gya has been described as one of the most successful wildlife conservation acts of the 20 th century smith et al. The mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi has been protected as an endangered subspecies of gray wolf since 1976 under the endangered species act esa of 1973, as amended 80 fr 2488. I report the mexican wolf chorus howling frequency through the year, from a pack with five adults three. Phva for wolves in the southern rockies, the goal was to determine the potential for recovery of wolves in the southern rockies ecoregion. This urgency permeates every aspect of the politics and policies affecting them and motivates lobo advocates. Gray wolves canis lupus migrated from eurasia into north america 70,00023,000 years ago and gave rise to at least two morphologically and genetically distinct groups.
In 1998, mexican gray wolves were translocated into the eastcentral arizona portion of the. By the mid1980s, hunting, trapping, and poisoning caused the extinction of lobos in the wild, with only a handful remaining in captivity. Native to the southwest, the wolves existed only in zoos until 1998, when of the animals were released in arizona. Federal register endangered and threatened wildlife and. Carefree highway, phoenix, az 85086, usa b wildlife genetics international, p. Scientific articles and research wolf conservation center.
Secretary to list the mexican gray wolf canis lupus baileyi as an endangered subspecies pursuant to the endangered species act esa, 16 u. Summer diet of the mexican gray wolf canis lupus baileyi. In 1998 the mexican gray wolf canis lupus baileyi was reintroduced to the blue range wolf. Billing code 431055 department of the interior fish. Seal and workshop participants sponsored and organized by. There are 38 subspecies of canis lupus listed in the taxonomic authority mammal species of. The mexican gray wolf canis lupus baileyi is the rarest subspecies of gray wolf in north america. Canis lupus baileyi mammal species of the world v3, 2005 link. Reintroduction of the mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi to the southwestern united states. The nominate subspecies is the eurasian wolf canis lupus lupus. By the end of 2006, there were about 60 wolves in the wild in arizona and. Mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi nelson and goldman 1929. Throughout the mid20 th century wolves from canada occasionally dispersed into montana and idaho ream and mattson 1982, though they failed to persist in the area pletscher et al.
Reintroduction of the mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi. Oct 04, 2017 appendices i, ii and iii valid from 4 october 2017 interpretation 1. The usfws has already delisted wolves in the northern rocky mountain states, with deadly consequences. Contributedpaper developing metapopulation connectivity criteria from genetic and habitat data to recover the endangered mexican wolf carlos carroll.
Following the near extinction of the mexican wolf due to predator eradication efforts in the mid. This subspecies is indigenous to interior alaska and yukon, a preservation for the tundra region of the arctic coast. Genetics and extinction and the example of isle royale wolves. Mexican gray wolf canis lupus baileyi due to unregulated hunting, trapping and poisoning begun in the late 1800s, few mexican gray wolves remained by 1950, and by 1970 the last mexican gray wolf in the united states was killed. The table below shows the extant subspecies, with the extinct ones listed in the following section. Biological report for the mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi.
Discussion genetic management and setting recovery goals for mexican wolves canis lupus baileyiinthewild larisa e. Historically, these small wolves which, to the inexperienced eye, may resemble coyotes ranged from central mexico through southeastern arizona, southern new mexico, and southwestern texas. However, they are also useful to provide an understanding when genetic rescue occurs because of natural migration as in the isle royale wolf population. Peter siminski mexican wolf international studbook keeper the living desert 47900 portola avenue palm desert, california 92260 u. The mexican gray wolf canis lupus baileyi or lobo is the most genetically distinct lineage of gray wolves in the western hemisphere, and one of the most endangered mammals in north america. These subspecies were named over the past 250 years, and since their naming a number of them have gone extinct. Canis lupus baileyi united states fish and wildlife service.
Wolves are wild carnivore members of the dog family canidae. The washington department of fish and wildlife department is providing the following updates on the status of wolves in washington and this letter is intended to simply augment our comments submitted on december. Ripple forest ecology and management 260 2010 915 922 lusspp. Nw, washington dc 20036 b s ta eu niv rs yofn w y k, c ll g env onm l s c a d f 1 f d. Mexican wolf population, and from other captive canis lupus populations as sources of information.
Federal register fwshqes20073 proposal for removing the gray wolf canis lupus from the list of endangered and threatened wildlife and maintaining protections for the mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi by listing it as endangered. The mexican gray wolf canis lupus baileyi, listed in 1976 by the u. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. Reintroduction of the mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi to. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Captive breeding and species survival defenders of wildlife. Pdf summer diet of the mexican gray wolf canis lupus baileyi. Fish and wildlife service usfws failed to create ascienti. Gray wolves were nearly exterminated from the continental united states during the early 20. Mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi population viability assessment section 1 executive summary and recommendations. Genetic management and setting recovery goals for mexican wolves canis lupus baileyiinthewild larisa e. Redefining historical geographic range in species with.
An economic perspective timm kroeger,a, b frank casey, a and chris haney a a defenders and wildlife, 1 17th st. Mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi international studbook 3 2015. A small population of uncertain size, but perhaps less than 50, is thought to survive in mexico. It is the smallest of north americas gray wolves, and is similar to c. Fish and wildlife service usfws as an endangered subspecies of the gray wolf, provides an excellent example of the successful use of captive breeding in species recovery. Experimental population of the mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi and the implementation of a management plan, preliminary draft, chapter 1 and 2 aug. We used population viability analysis that incorporated pedigree data to evaluate the relation between connectivity and persistence for. May 12, 20 after being wiped out in the united states, mexican wolves were bred in captivity and reintroduced to the wild in arizona beginning in 1998. Canis lupus baileyi were introduced into the blue range wolf recovery areabrwra. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected. It is a valid taxonomic subspecies classified as canis lupus baileyi.
Join facebook to connect with canis lupus baileyi and others you may know. Perils of recovering the mexican wolf outside of its historical range. Billing code 431055 department of the interior fish and. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. The mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi was included in the 1973 endangered. When the 1982 recovery plan was drafted there were no known wild. Excludes the domesticated form and the dingo which are referenced as canis lupus familiaris and canis lupus dingo canis lupus except the. Revision to the nonessential experimental population of the mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi. Canis lupus baileyi international studbook studbook internacional del lobo mexicano canis lupus baileyi 31 july 2008 31 julio 2008 prepared by preparado por d.
The washington fish and wildlife commission and the department of fish and wildlife department support the. Wolf eis and related documents gila county cattle growers. Developing metapopulation connectivity criteria from genetic. Pdf aim predation on livestock is one of the primary concerns for mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi recovery because it causes economic. Vitrification of oocytes from endangered mexican gray wolves. By the end of 2006, there were about 60 wolves in the wild in arizona and new mexico with another 300 in zoos and other facilities.
Canis lupus baileyi, has also been reintroduced into. Eastern timber wolf canis lupus lycaon at risk southeastern canada, eastern united states arctic wolf canis lupus arctos stable canadian arctic, greenland vancouver island wolf canis lupus crassodon endangered vancouver island mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi critically endangered central mexico, western texas, southern new mexico and arizona. Removing the gray wolf canis lupus from the list of endangered and threatened wildlife and maintaining protections for the mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi by listing it as endangered, 78 fed. Authors personal copy forest ecology and management 260 2010 915 922. In 1981, nina whelped in captivity and the service convened a binational recovery team. Mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi nose is broad and blocky ears are more rounded and relatively short fur color is very similar to coyotes. The taxonomic classification of canis lupus in mammal species of the world 3rd edition, 2005 listed 27 subspecies of north american wolf, corresponding to the 24 canis lupus subspecies and the three canis rufus subspecies of hall 1981. Vitrification of oocytes from endangered mexican gray. They are believed to be ancestors of the domestic dog, which evolved separately more than 20,000 years ago. Mexican wolf canis lupus baileyi critically endangered central mexico, western texas, southern new mexico and arizona dingo canis lupus dingo vulnerable australia and southeast asia eurasian wolf canis lupus lupus stable. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis.