The concept of emotional labor has been described for the first time in the book named the managed heart. Pdf emotional labor refers to the process by which workers are. Emotional labour conceptualisations hochschild hochschild 1983. Jobs requiring emotional labor typically necessitate contact with other people external to or within the organization, usually. My favorite professor suggested erving hoffman was the originator of emotional labor, so ive ordered all his books too i cant seem to get enough of this subject.
Emotional labor is the process of managing feelings and expressions to fulfill the emotional requirements of a job. Most notable has been the development of a feminist dimension to emotional labour. Arlie hochschild 2 hochschild takes us to the heart of the matter with the idea of deep acting. The construct of emotional labor is traced to the seminal work of sociologist arlie hochschild, who studied the work of airline flight attendants and, specifically, the strategic use of emotion by flight attendants to create a desired.
The term emotional labour was first introduced by the american sociologist arlie. But when women stop doing emotional labor, essential aspects of nurturing humanity dont get done. Hochschilds 1983 the managed heart introduced this concept and. Emotional labor is the process of managing feelings and expressions to fulfill the emotional. Some level of emotional labor is involved in a wide variety of jobs, from restaurant service to office work. Hochschild s 1983 the managed heart introduced this concept and inspired an outpouring of research on this topic. Emotional labor refers to the process by which workers are expected to manage their feelings in accordance with organizationally defined rules and guidelines.
Japanese do recognize emotional labor, of course the man aged heart has been. How to get your partner to take on more emotional labor. Management of emotions in social work profession associate prof. Hochschild s starting point in the managed heart is the emotion work that social actors perform in the course of their daily lives. More specifically, workers are expected to regulate their emotions during interactions with customers, coworkers and superiors. The thread does a great job of unpacking how deep our collective assumptions about emotional labor can extend, and how we all might go about undoing them and rethinking the value and cost of. Emotional labour and how it impacts womens careers duration.
The relationship between emotional labor and job stress. Emotional labour was first put forward by sociologist arlie hochschild in 1983 in her classic book, the managed heart. Emotional labour and identity work of men in caring roles dr ruth simpson brunel business school ruth. Emotional labor since the managed heart by ronnie j. In most theories of emotional labor, organizations specify display rules that serve as standards for the appropriate expression of emotions. Pdf the effects of emotional labor on employee work. Hochschild has long focused on the human emotions which underlie moral beliefs, practices, and social life generally. Discovered my love of emotional labor as a graduate student in industrial psychology. Additionally, employees conducting emotional labor make efforts consciously or unconsciously to minimize stress when they choose to perform emotional labor, and in the process, they choose between deep or surface acting as a strategy to perform emotional labor hochschild, 1983.
Hochschild s thesis to include additional dimensions, as in witz et al. Arlie hochschild draws on the work of symbolic interactionists like mead, blummer, and goffman in order to create her own interpretation of the management of emotions. Hochschild 1983 propounds that emotion management is detrimental to. Flight attendants emotional labor and exhaustion in the.
A study on human resource perspectives of emotional. The effects of emotional labor on work engagement and. Hochschild s 1983 thesis mostly focuses on the job of flight attendants and bill collectors where she described the work involved in being nasty or nice and have also been expressed as toe and heel of the growing service sector cited in steinberg. Pdf emotional labor since the managed heart researchgate. Emotional labor is a near universal part of every job, and of life. Psychometric properties of the emotional labor scale in a. These quiz and worksheet questions will test you on various aspects of emotional labor, such as how a cashier and a police officer might use it. She asserts that there are two forms of this emotional paradigm. The effects of emotional labor on employee work outcomes kay heilin chu abstract emotional labor can be defined as the degree of manipulation of ones inner feelings or outward behavior to display the appropriate emotion in response to display rules or occupational norms. Hochschild draws on the work of konstantin stanislavski to make the distinction between surface. What do we know about emotional labour in the nursing.
This situation, in turn, may lead to emotional dissonance, that is, a conflict be. In heterosexual partnerships, emotional labor often falls to women, who are generally socialized to take on the emotional lives of others, said arlie russell hochschild. Harvard kennedy schools institute of politics 12,193 views. Commercialization of human feeling written by hocschild in 1983.
However, the extent to which one acts makes a meaningful difference. Emotional labor is a term coined by sociologist arlie hochschild in her famous book, the managed heart 1983. From the flight attendant whose job it is to be nicer. Emotional labor is the regulation of felt and expressed emotions at work in the service of organizational goals. In deep acting a feeling or emotional response is selfinduced and the feeling provides the basis of acting or impression management. Grandey pennsylvania state university although it has often been presumed that jobs involving people work e. The stupideasy guide to emotional labor mel magazine. In this book, the emotional labor is defined as management of emotional expression in a way that can be observed through gestures or facial expressions by. Some jobs require a lot of it, some a little of it. Emotional labour emotional labour is a relatively new term, arlie hochschild first coined the term in her 1983. The relationship between emotional intelligence and. Furthermore, consistent with hochschilds ideas, morris 1997 contended that events that cause emotional dissonance while on the job are what make service. The effects of emotional labor on employee work outcomes. Emotional labor demands and compensating wage differentials pdf.
According to ashforth and humphrey 1993, emotional labor is the act. This study concerns the development of an emotional labor. The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labor. Enroll now in our free online course on poverty and inequality in the united states. The sociologist arlie hochschild provides the first definition of emotional labor, which is displaying certain emotions to meet the requirements of a job. Metafilters thread on emotional labor, in pdf form the. Engaging in emotional labor over an extended period may cause emotional labor overload and make adjustment to work demands difficult. A study on human resource perspectives of emotional labour. Pdf the phrase emotional labor was coined by sociologist arlie hochschild in 1983 in her classic book, the managed heart.
Emotional labor, surface acting, deep acting, automatic emotion regulation, emo. This is a must for any industrial organizational psychologist. Emotional labor, as i introduced the term in the managed heart, is the work, for which youre paid, which centrally involves trying to feel the right feeling for the job. Short of an allout emotional labor strike, theyve tried. Since hochschild s seminal study on emotional labor our understanding of its na ture and e. Hochschild 1983 dewned emotional labor as the management of feeling to create a publicly observable facial and bodily display for a wage p. Following goffman 1959, 1967, social life is conceived as a series of interactions whereby actors learn, often. With her influential concept of emotional labour, introduced in her 1983 bestseller the managed heart, she described a new type of job centred on the expression of feeling, as well as the corporate processes by which it is.
Service is a performance of labour for the benefit of another ktec, 2005, and successful service depends on emotional labour. But professional cuddling is a particularly clearcut example of emotional labor, a concept that sociologist arlie hochschild developed in the 1983 book the managed heart. Emotional labor by hochschild, arlie russell, 1940 krsinlkkac200104063. This essay will examine emotional labour in service industries. According to hochschild 1983, emotional labor is a form of emotion regulation that creates a publicly visible facial and bodily display within the workplace to provide better service during interaction. She defi nes emotional labor as the regulation of employees emotions to comply with occupational or organizational norms emotional display rules. It includes essays on emotional labor when do we enjoy doing it and when not. Emotional labour and identity work of men in caring roles.